John mcckeary



unirnn srarns rafrniv'r onirica.

JOHN MCCREARY, OF DELAWARE, OHIO.

TENONING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 21,512, dated September 14, 1858.

T o all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN ISICCREARY, of Delaware, in the county ofDelaware, in the State of Ohio, have invented a new and Im proved Methodot Constructing Tenoning- Machines for Forming Round Tenons on Wood; andI do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to theletters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in the construction of a machine forforming round tenons on wood in such a manner that tenons may be formedeither lengthwise or crosswise of the grain of the wood, and of anydesired size, the machine being perfectly adjustable; also in soarranging the set screws for increasing the eut of the cut ting bitsthat the edges may be elevated while the backs rest firmly, thusavoiding the trembling of the bits occasioned by elevating the entireend of the bit as is done in some of the tenoning machines now in use.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I willproceed to de scribe its construction and operation.

I usually make a stock of cast iron four and a quarter inches long, oneand three quarter inches wide, and three quarters of an inch thick. Inone side of this stock, I make an excavation half an inch in depth, andthree and three fourth inches long, and one and one fourth inches wide,thus leaving a rim one fourth ot' an inch thick and half an inch highextending entirely around, and a bottom plate of the same thickness. Ithen make openings through the bottom as shown at A, A, and B, Figure 1in the accompanying drawings. I then insert an adjusting screw Fig. 9.into each `Pend ot the stock `just above the bottom as shown at D, D,Fig. 3. I then make two bit holders, of a like size and shape. Fig. lbeing a view of the underside, and Fig. 5 a view of the upper side.These bit holders are made of cast iron also, and of thickness and widthto till the cavity in the stock above named the entire length being aquarter of an inch less than half the length of the excavation in thestock above named with a curve at one end as seen in Figs. 4 and 5. Inthe underside of the bit holder I make a recess as seen at A Fig. t toreceive the neck and head ot the adjusting screw as seen at 7L Fig.

2. I also make an opening entirely through the bit holder as shown at OFigs. et and 5. I then on the upper or face side of the bit hol der,from the center to one edge cut down one eighth ot an inch deep to makea receptacle for the cutting bit as shown at S S Fig. 5. I then insert aset screw in the edge of the bit holder, under the dotted line (l Fig.5, so that the point passes out one eighth of an inch below the. face ofthe bit holder as seen atc Fig. 5; these bit holders are then placed inthe cavity in the stock above named. with the recesses resting upon thenecks and heads of the adjusting screws, so that by turning them, thebit holders will be carried by them, to any desired point; and to securethe bit holders at any point, I insert into each a screw from the bottomthrough the slots A, A, Fig. l in the bottom plate of the stock. Thenthese securing screws are loosened the bit holders can easily be movedin either direction, by turning the adjusting screws, and when broughtto the desired point can be easily secured by tightening the screws inthe bottom. I then place my cutting bits into their receptacles abovenamed for that purpose, and secure them there by screws passing throughthe slots in the bits, the object of these slots being to allow the bitsto be moved toward or from the center of the machine, these screws areseen at e, e, Fig. 8, by them the bits are secured to the bit holderswith their cutting edges at or near the center of the holders as seen atZ), Fig. 8. I then attach a yoke or other suitable arrangement forgiving motion to the machine, and after having ascertained the axis ofmotion, I mark on the rim ot the stock, exactly opposite that point, asshown at R Fig. 3, and then mark each way from this point, the distancethat the bit holder can be drawn back and then carefully divide intoparts of an inch so that the bit holders can be readily adjusted to anydesired size, always being at equal distances from the axis of motion.The spoke or other wood to be tenoned should be pointed in the usualway, and the point put in the axis ot' motion. The machine then beingput in motion the bits passing cut olf and remove the superiuous woodand the tenon is formed, and the shape of the shoulder is made concavewhen desired, by merely making the bit holders thicker at the inner orcurved ends. The cuttings pass through the openings 0 0 Figs. 4L and 5and then through the bottom of the stock at the ends of the opening B atFig. l.

When I desire to out tenons, or pins, or plugs, crosswise of the grainof the Wood, I remove one of the cutting bits, and put the pointed oneshown at Fig. 7 in its place. This point is sharp and cuts like thepoint of a common counter bit, While the cutting bit cuts and removesthe superfluous Wood, thus forming a round stick which may be easilysplit into plugs to iill in over screws in carriage bodies, or in joinerWork, having this advantage over those cut in the common manner thatthey are not tapering, but of the saine size through their Whole length,they Will therefore hold glue their Whole length While those that arecut'tapering, Will only hold the glue at a single point.

I make no edge to the bit Fig. 7 eXcept the mere point, Which stands atright angles to the face of the machine, but my cutting bit Fig. G ismade sharp about half an inch back from the end as represented at Z),Fig. 3. When I Wish to increase the out of the bits I force the pointsof the setscrews above described under the edges of the bits in the formof inclined planes. This merely raises the edges of the bits While thebacks rest firmly on the bit holders below, thus avoiding the tremblingof the bits Which Would likely occur if the Whole ends of the JOHNMCCREARY.

Attest E. GRIsWoLD, I. GRIsWoLD.

